Andy and Max, the Richter scale is a logarithmic scale based on the amplitude of the shaking, which gets recorded on a seismograph. Since it's a logarithmic scale, every number up in magnitude means it's 10 times larger in amplitude of shaking. Thus, a 8.0 quake will be 10 times more amplitude of shaking than a 7.0, 100 times more than a 6.0, and so forth.
However, energy is not the same relationship. It works out that every two magnitudes up is 1,000 times more energy. Thus, a 8.0 quake generates 1,000 times more energy than a 6.0, one million times more energy than a 4.0, and so forth. Hope that helps! I used Wikipedia to make sure I had the numbers in my head correct before quoting them here.